When did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow say music is the universal language of mankind? About this Poet. Page III CONTENTS. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote sixteen volumes of poetry, including some long poems. The Day Is Done (1844) speaks to the comforting quiet offered the weary reader by some humbler poet than the Miltonic and Dantean mastersa poet such as Longfellow found himself becoming by virtue of the kindly, sympathetic tone that characterized his popular poems. That poem appeared in one of those assemblages of short poems, identified as Birds of Passage, that Longfellow introduced in The Courtship of Miles Standish and Other Poems and returned to frequently in subsequent volumes. He was honored in March 2007 when the United States Postal Service issued a stamp commemorating him. Among the shorter poems of his late career, Longfellows sonnets are especially prized. [106] He encouraged and supported other translators, as well. Haiku. Wife of Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Fanny Longfellow (1817-1861), wife of poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, was a skilled artist and was well-read in many subjects. Test. Analyze Longfellow's poetry and understand his . "[113], Longfellow's early collections Voices of the Night and Ballads and Other Poems made him instantly popular. New England storytelling traditions also engaged Longfellows attention in these years. In 1855, using Henry Rowe Schoolcrafts two books on the Indian tribes of North America as the base and the trochaic metrics of the Finnish epic Kalevala as his medium, he fashioned The Song of Hiawatha (1855). [6], Longfellow was descended from English colonists who settled in New England in the early 1600s. [61] They were soon married; Nathan Appleton bought the Craigie House as a wedding present, and Longfellow lived there for the rest of his life. In "Nature", for example, death is depicted as bedtime for a cranky child. PAPERS: The chief repository of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's papers and manuscripts is the Houghton Library, Harvard University. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825. Children across New England are familiar with the works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, whose "Paul Revere's Ride" has been recited at many a grade school pageant. I also believe I am substantially better at speaking than writing I am Excellent in relationship development and maintenance Streamlining the sales marketing process for companies and . [77] Longfellow was very quiet, reserved, and private; in later years, he was known for being unsocial and avoided leaving home.[144]. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow [1] Born: February 27, 1807Portland, Maine [2]Died: March 24, 1882Cambridge, . [68] In 1854, he retired from Harvard,[69] devoting himself entirely to writing. Both seaside and fireside come together in The Fire of Drift-Wood, a mood piece employing imagery of light and warmth drawn from shipwreck as a metaphor for intuited estrangement among friends. Updates? Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on this day in 1807, in Portland, Maine. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's response to the reelection of Abraham Lincoln in 1864 is a timely reminder of how, while they all matter, some presidential elections matter much more than others. [27] Irving encouraged the young Longfellow to pursue writing. It represented the medieval phase of Christianity and the virtue of faith (mixed, inevitably, with superstition) by dramatizing the story of a peasant girls willingness to die so that a prince might be healed of his illness. In 1839 he published Voices of the Night, which contained the poems Hymn to the Night, The Psalm of Life, and The Light of the Stars and achieved immediate popularity. [4] He was named after his mother's brother Henry Wadsworth, a Navy lieutenant who had died three years earlier at the Battle of Tripoli. Despite relatively tepid public response to this effort, Longfellow persevered with The Divine Tragedy (1871), in which he represented Christian hope through dramatization of Christs Passion and its effects on many characters drawn from the Bible. [82] By 1868, Longfellow's annual income was over $48,000. In his own time one of Longfellows chief contributions to American literature was the encouragement he offered to aspiring writerswhether those Boston-Cambridge-Concord literati with whom he interacted through his various clubs or those such as Emily Dickinson, who responded gratefully to him from a distance as the champion of poetry in an otherwise prosaic American society, the Pegasus in the pound of Yankee bookstores. For other uses, see. [56] After returning, he published the play The Spanish Student in 1842, reflecting his memories from his time in Spain in the 1820s. 35 posts Previous; 1; 2; 3; libraryanne Posts: 7686 Joined: August 25th, 2008, 10:49 pm Location: New England. UNIVE'RSITY PRESS: WELCH, BIGELOW, AND COMPANY, CAMBRIDGE. [22] His time abroad lasted three years and cost his father $2,604.24,[23] the equivalent of over $67,000 today. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. Can you blame him? [65] Both accounts state that Frances was taken to her room to recover, and a doctor was called. After residing in Europe for four years to qualify for the Chair of Modern Languages in that College, he entered upon the duties of the same. [101] Many of the metaphors that he used in his poetry came from legends, mythology, and literature. She was in and out of consciousness throughout the night and was administered ether. Longfellow himself may have recognized that the sections did not cohere and that the historical sequence ended in anticlimax; he thought of adding another drama on the Moravians of Bethlehem to show the positive influence of the Gospel, but he never carried out his intention. His son was injured during the war, and he wrote the poem "Christmas Bells", later the basis of the carol I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day. The boys first publication, appearing in the November 17, 1820 Portland Gazette and signed simply Henry, drew on local history for a melancholy four-quatrain salute to warriors who fell at The Battle of Lovells Pond. A family friends dismissal of the piece as both stiff and derivative may have discouraged Henrys ambition for the time. Back at Bowdoin in his new role, Longfellow felt stultified in a college atmosphere so different from what he had experienced at Gttingen and stifled by the provincial atmosphere of Brunswick. Henry began his schooling at age three, when he and his older brother, Stephen, enrolled in the first of several private schools in which they prepared for entrance to Bowdoin College. Longfellows long poem The Courtship of Miles Standish (1858) was another great popular success. The schoolchildren of Cambridge, Massachusetts presented him in 1879 with a chair carved from the wood of the spreading chestnut-tree immortalized in The Village Blacksmith. His picture appeared among Our American Poets in classrooms across the United States, thanks to Fieldss success in placing Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes in textbooks that established canonical readings for many decades. [18] He published nearly 40 minor poems between January 1824 and his graduation in 1825. Fanny is also credited with directly inspiring two poems that emerged from their wedding trip The Arsenal at Springfield, the peace poem she requested, and The Old Clock on the Stairs; both poems appeared in The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems (1845; copyright 1846). After her death, Longfellow had difficulty writing poetry for a time and focused on translating works from foreign languages. The Building of the Ship combines a tribute to the master builder who designed the ship with a love story linking the masters daughter to the fiery youth employed in its construction while making clear that the Union stood allegorically for the United States on the eve of secession. Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, which was then still part of Massachusetts. Solo or group recordings that are finished and fully available for listeners. Longfellow wrote many lyric poems known for their musicality and often presenting stories of mythology and legend. Though its account of Reveres ride is historically inaccurate, the poem created an American legend. [37], In December 1834, Longfellow received a letter from Josiah Quincy III, president of Harvard College, offering him the Smith Professorship of Modern Languages with the stipulation that he spend a year or so abroad. In this essay, the author. [122] Poe's reputation increased as a critic, however, and he later publicly accused Longfellow of plagiarism in what Poe biographers call "The Longfellow War". In 1835, saddened by the death of his first wife, whom he had married in 1831, he settled at Heidelberg, where he fell under the influence of German Romanticism. Sweetness, gentleness, simplicity, and a romantic vision shaded by melancholy are the characteristic features of Longfellows poetry. In the first, he arrived in Cambridge in 1837, fresh from a six-year professorship at Bowdoin College. Fill the Goblet Again 12. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Wadsworth-Longfellow, Academy of American Poets - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, National Park Service - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Official Site of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Maine: An Encyclopedia - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Kramos and Other Poems appeared in 1878 with a title poem that linked Longfellows boyhood interest in Portland pottery with his later travels and readings to present a particularly effective statement of his poetics. "Music is the universal language of mankind." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow tags: music, poetry, power-of-music. She died shortly after 10 the next morning, July 10, after requesting a cup of coffee. Longfellow laid the groundwork for other authorial careers by persuading readers of the importance of art as well as by demonstrating how literature could be turned into a paying proposition in a country known for material ambition. [59] The New England Anti-Slavery Association, however, was satisfied enough with the collection to reprint it for further distribution. [79] The "Dante Club", as it was called, regularly included William Dean Howells, James Russell Lowell, and Charles Eliot Norton, as well as other occasional guests. Learn more about narrative poetry here. Maybe Longfellow exaggerated the heroic story of Paul Revere. Similar to an epic, a narrative poem tells a story. Much of the charm of the poem lies in its evocation of place, from the pastoral Grand-Pr, where Benedict Bellefontaine, Evangelines father, dwelt on his goodly acres, through the bayous of Louisiana, where the Acadian blacksmith Basil Lajeunesse, Gabriels father, achieves new prosperity as a rancher, through the forests of French mission territory at the base of the Ozarks, where Evangeline ventures in seeking Gabriel, all the way to Philadelphia, where the aged heroine finds her lover dying in a hospital for plague victims and where they are buried together. Longfellow was more at home in Evangeline (1847), a narrative poem that reached almost every literate home in the United States. He also wrote novels and translated Dante's "Divine Comedy" into English. His model was Washington Irving, to whom he was introduced while in Spain, and Longfellow envisaged putting his experience to Irvingesque literary use. 'Farewell! [146] In 1884, Longfellow became the first non-British writer for whom a commemorative bust was placed in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey in London; he remains the only American poet represented with a bust. [111], Fellow Portland, Maine native John Neal published the first substantial praise of Longfellow's work. He was the first American to completely translate Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and was one of the fireside poets from New England. 4 In 1773, Parliament passed a law giving the English East India Company exclusive right to sell tea in America. Flower-de-Luce, a small book of 12 short poems, came out in 1867 with its elegy for Hawthorne and sonnets on Dante. "[104] A London critic in the London Quarterly Review, however, condemned all American poetry"with two or three exceptions, there is not a poet of mark in the whole union"but he singled out Longfellow as one of those exceptions. He followed this work with two fragmentary dramatic poems, Judas Maccabaeus and Michael Angelo. But his genius was not dramatic, as he had demonstrated earlier in The Spanish Student (1843). Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere" and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" exemplify this form. His father, Stephen Longfellow, was an attorney and a Harvard graduate active in public affairs. Born on February 27 46. Many, especially Torquemada and The Saga of King Olaf, were surprisingly violent. He also found himself overburdened with instructional tasksintroducing students to the rudiments of various languages and developing teaching materials he could use in classes to replace rote recitation of grammar with literary conversation and translation. A translation of this work had been among his goals when teaching Dante at Harvard, and he had translated small parts of the poem in the early 1840s. His celebrity in his own time, however, has yielded to changing literary tastes and to reactions against the genteel tradition of authorship he represented. He spent much of his summers as a child at his grandfather Peleg's farm in Hiram, Maine. American poet and educator. [39] In October 1835, his wife Mary had a miscarriage during the trip, about six months into her pregnancy. The Poet and His Song (1880). The dominance of free verse fostered contempt for Longfellows songlike versification and an indifference to its experimental qualities. There he settled down to his professorial duties at Harvard, freed from some of the Bowdoin drudgery but still feeling oppressed by responsibilities to supervise native-language instructors and provide some basic instruction himself in each of the languages in the curriculum of the university while preparing lectures on European literatures. As was the custom for the time, the two brothers focused most of their studies on languages and literature. Page I T A L E S OF A WAYSIDE INN BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. [35] The couple settled in Brunswick, but the two were not happy there. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet who used narrative poems to memorialize people and events in American history, including Paul Revere. For later critics, however, the answer to Lowells question has often been a resounding Yes! In the atmosphere of disillusionment attending world warsand especially in Herbert S. Gormans disparaging 1926 biographyLongfellow became an easy scapegoat for everything judged wrong with Puritan, Victorian, Brahmin, genteel, sentimental, and racist evasions of the grim realities of life. He was so fluent in translating that on graduation he was offered a professorship in modern languages provided that he would first study in Europe. On the Continent he learned French, Spanish, and Italian but refused to settle down to a regimen of scholarship at any university. [28] While in Spain, Longfellow was saddened to learn that his favorite sister Elizabeth had died of tuberculosis at the age of 20 that May. It's more full and complex than language we can experience it but not explain it. [95] As he says, "what a writer asks of his reader is not so much to like as to listen". [148], "Henry Wadsworth" redirects here. Longfellow never considered it complete enough to be published during his lifetime, but a posthumous edition was collected in 1883. [65] Their daughter Fanny was born on April 7, 1847, and Dr. Nathan Cooley Keep administered ether to the mother as the first obstetric anesthetic in the United States. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and Paul Reveres Ride (1863). [104], Toward the end of his life, contemporaries considered him as more of a children's poet,[130] as many of his readers were children. He was engaged in ambitious projects. It did not hurt that Longfellow had also experienced the kind of . Shortly after his return from Europe, he began his courtship of Mary Potter, daughter of Judge Barrett Potter; she was a Portland neighbor who was a friend of his sister Anne. How many languages did Longfellow speak? Longfellows immense popularity helped raise the status of poetry in his country, and he played an important part in bringing European cultural traditions to American audiences. [86] The next year, he declined an offer to be nominated for the Board of Overseers at Harvard "for reasons very conclusive to my own mind". C.S. What is Longfellow's full name? Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Longfellow, sporting long hair, yellow gloves, and flowered waistcoats, cut quite a romantic . 198 likes. In Germany, Longfellow settled down to relatively disciplined study in preparation for his Bowdoin professorship, though his readings there focused more on Spanish literature than German. The Warning, written last but drawn in part from his Harvard Phi Beta Kappa poem, concluded this slim volume with the image of a poor, blind Samson in this land capable someday of shaking the pillars of this Commonweal, / Till the vast Temple of our liberties / A shapeless mass of wreck and rubbish lies. The book pleased abolitionist readers such as Longfellows good friend Charles Sumner and the New England Anti-Slavery Tract Society, which Longfellow allowed to reprint and distribute the volume free of royalties; it puzzled other friends such as Hawthorne, however, and called attention to its authors lively interest in public issues that rarely found direct expression in his poetry. Sales of this book improved upon those for its predecessor; yet, Longfellow was disappointed by reader indifference to the work he had identified in an 1849 letter as the sublimer Song whose broken melodies have for so many years breathed through my soul. When all three parts finally came together in Christus: A Mystery, book sales were slight (only 6,000 copies printed) and critical response even less heartening. Why did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow write a Psalm of Life? He wrote and edited textbooks, translated poetry and prose, and wrote essays on French, Spanish, and Italian literature, but he felt isolated. Hiawatha introduces his tribe to agriculture through his encounter with the corn god Mondamin, to transportation by inventing the birch canoe, and to picture-writing. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on February 27, 1807 in Portland, to Stephen and Zilpah Longfellow. In 1872 Three Books of Song presented the second part of Tales of a Wayside Inn along with Judas Maccabeus and a group of translations. Elected to the Peucinian Society, he mixed with the academically ambitious students of the college (more serious than his brother or than classmates Nathaniel Hawthorne, Franklin Pierce, and Horatio Bridgeall belonging to the Athenean Society). He graduated from Bowdoin College and became a professor there and, later, at Harvard College after studying in Europe. According to Howells, Longfellows power derived from his courage in frankly trusting the personal as the universal along with his unaffectedness, the simplicity of his feelings, and the sincerity of his expression. A sociable man known for his graciously winning manners, Longfellow took pleasure in associations with other literary figures through the Saturday Club, founded about 1855 for monthly dinner meetings, and the Atlantic Club, which brought together contributors to the Atlantic Monthly after its launching in 1857. [96], As a very private man, Longfellow did not often add autobiographical elements to his poetry. The antislavery sentiments he expressed in Poems on Slavery that same year, however, lacked the humanity and power of John Greenleaf Whittiers denunciations on the same theme. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. Written for the 15th reunion of his Bowdoin College class, it is a memorable reflection on aging and is Longfellows most admired ode. His first wife, Mary Potter, died in 1835 after a miscarriage. In his grief Longfellow moved on to Heidelberg and immersion in German literaturereadings in Goethe, Schiller, Ludwig Uhland, Jean Paul Richter, E.T.A. Longfellows metric choice, which captures the beat of a tom-tom, exposed the poem to parody, as did its insistent repetitions and use of Native American words. tags: poetry. He prepared himself further with study abroad (at his own . [2] He grew up in what is now known as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House. Longfellow died in 1882. Hyatt Waggoner observed the irony of Longfellows having been most appreciated in his own time for A Psalm of Life, noting that though it intends to mean that life is worth living after all, what it effectively does mean is that life must be worth living but the poet cant think why. Six children were born to the coupleCharles, Ernest, Fanny, Alice, Edith, and Anne Allegra. In these verse dramas set in Puritan Massachusetts, Longfellow attempted to bring forward his story into relatively modern times (post-Reformation) and into the new world, though Quaker persecutions and the Salem witchcraft frenzy may seem unlikely illustrations of Christian charity. Page II Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1863, by HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. Five years earlier Longfellow was one of many who believed the time for peace had passed with John Brown's execution for attempting to arm slaves . Terms in this set (45) What where the years Longfellow was alive? It was probably the most celebrated American poem of the century. 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