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louis zamperini letter to the bird

He was a very definition of a delinquent. or school. Louis Zamperini's Letter to the Bird Pastor Greg Laurie 392K subscribers Subscribe 387K views 8 years ago Louis Zamperini shares his letter of forgiveness for Greydanus reflected the opinion of many Christian viewers, saying of the first film: Unbrokenrelegated Zamperinis religious conversion and life of faith to closing titles, which I found unsatisfying. ", Zamperini became a Christian speaker, traveling around the United States telling his story. He tried to meet with Mutsuhiro Watanabe, but The Bird refused. Yes. Finally the sharks left. So Zamperini took a job as a welder and the next year enlisted in the Army Air Corps. Have a tip or story idea? Christ said, "Forgive your enemies and pray for them.". World War II began, and Louie set aside athletics and joined the Army Air Corps. Is the movie unbroken historically accurate? At first, Zamperini appeared like his old self, despite the hardship that he faced. Zamperini was transferred to the 42nd Squadron of the 11th Bomb Group in Oahu where the only plane available to use was the gutted-out and bullet-hole spattered B-24 model called The Green Hornet. WebUnbroken A World War II Story of Survival Resilience & Redemption by Laura Hillenbrand available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read synopsis and reviews. Lou was one of the greatest Americans and Trojans of Gina Dimuro is a New York-based writer and translator. When Watanabe was later found, by then a rich businessman, he refused to meet with Zamperini. Nine days after they were attacked by Japanese fire, Mac died. The shark retreated for a moment, but redoubled its efforts, now aiming for his head. So when we got to the main aisle, I turned to the right and went back to the prayer room and made a confession of my faith in Christ.". He could conceive of no other way to save himself. After each punch, the Bird shouted, Next! It "Louis Zamperini: Unbroken Hero and Olympic Athlete." In a final act of forgiveness, Zamperini wrote a letter to the Bird admitting to his post-war horrors and sharing his discovery of faith. Louis wrote an open letter to Watanabe in which he forgave The Bird and asked him to become a Christian. Watanabe studied French literature in college and, being a fervent patriot, immediately signed up to join the army after his graduation. His daughter was born a few months later. There is no one right path to peace. It was compassion. Phil, who had possibly suffered a concussion during the crash, was drained, and Mac was out of his mind, wailing Were going to die! It was up to Zamperini to take charge. God kept his promise, Zamperini said. His An Analysis Of Mccandless In Into The Wild, By Jon Krakauer 1120 Words | 5 Pages They spent two weeks celebrating and recovering before returning home. The last barricade within him fellBy day, he obsessed about the Bird (255). The two, Zamperini and Rev. Cynthia was ready to file for divorce, but on October 22, 1949, she convinced Louis to go to a Billy Graham crusade in Los Angeles. Zamperini was so hungry that he bit directly into one bird, spitting out the feathers and he sought its flesh with his teeth. Zamperini and his fellow prisoners were severely beaten and tortured by their Japanese captors, and he was cruelly tormented by a prison guard Watanabe, nicknamed The Bird.. The other two men lost half their body weight by the time they were picked up by a Japanese patrol boat near the Marshall Islands. When Zamperini was invited to run the torch in the 1998 Nagano Olympics, he wanted to meet his torturer. But their happiness was short-lived. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission, or unlicensed commercial use or Fairchild, Mary. 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved, GOPers stand up for life and against AG Merrick Garland, Biden's WHO pandemic treaty would kill Americans in the name of 'equity', 'Tis the month Don 'GodBlessUs' Lemon and many other celebs were born, 11-year-old reads aloud from 'pornographic' book he checked out from library at school board meeting, Influencer refuses to switch business class seats so family can sit together, Family raises 250-pound 'dog' for 2 years then realizes it's a bear, 'Disgraceful' Meghan, Harry 'provoked' King Charles to evict them: royal expert. Devastated, he started drinking. For intstace, No sooner has Louie stepped outside than the Bird found him, accused him of an imanginary infraction, and attacked him in a wild fury. Many of the prisoners accepted Zamperini's invitation to become Christians. Love replaced the hate I had for you, Zamperini wrote. As he shared his story and how God had changed his life, many of his former Watanabe refused to meet with Zamperini as part of the piece. He became obsessed, trying to raise money for the trip, but his financial ventures kept failing. Or to keep it anonymous, click here. I asked how he could speak so easily of such vicious men. The seed for religious faith was planted. Almost immediately, he felt a crawling sensation on his chin. Jack OConnell stars as Olympian and war hero Louis Louie Zamperini in Unbroken, an epic drama that follows the incredible life of Zamperini who, along with two other crewmen, survived in a raft for 47 days after a near-fatal plane crash in WWII only to be caught by the Japanese Navy and sent to a prisoner-of-war camp. The Bird in Unbroken was the first thing he thought about each morning, and he fantasized about strangling his abuser. A scream startled him awake. One of the worst Japanese war criminals, Mutsuhiro The Bird Watanabe is the novels epitome of evil, representing humankinds utmost capacity for violence. Give a Gift SubscriptionBless friends, family or clergy with a gift of the Register. He found structure and success in running, which led him to the University of Southern California and, eventually, the 1936 Olympics, where he placed eighth in the 5,000 meters. This kept the men constantly on edge and wore down their nerves as they never knew what would set him off and send him into another violent rage. The Register's Steven Greydanus was among those who left the first film disappointed by the failure to address Zamperini's emotional healing, which was inspired by his renewed faith experience. Join the extraordinary Witnessing Heaven series and take an unforgettable journey through the stories of real people, just like you, who took a miraculous journey to heaven and back. YouTubeMutsuhiro Watanabe in a 1998 interview. Christ said, Forgive your enemies and pray for them. . Thats what Sylvia Zamperini would say about her family during World War II when confronted with the idea that her brother, Louis, had been killed. The guards march Louie and the other prisoners to the barracks on the edge of a A Better Way Forward, Heres a Bishop Doing Something Good, and More Great Links! When hed been trapped in the wreckage of his plane, somehow hed been freed. Zamperini's dramatic life story inspired author Lauren Hillenbrand, who told his story in her 2010 best-seller Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience and Redemption. For Louie, it lay in resurrecting his dignity, seeing himself not as the wretched creature that the Bird had striven to make of him, but as the object of Gods infinite love. Dave Chapelle attacked onstage while performing at LA festival, Here are the 14 inductees for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, Utah is apparently the most Star Wars-obsessed state in the country, Five political statements guests made at the 2022 Met Gala. Trapped by wires in the wreckage, Louie passed out. There would have been thousands of people going forward at his grandfather's invitation, Graham explained and Louie Zamperini would not have been singled out, as he was in the film. But in 1952, the arrest order for suspected war criminals was lifted, making him, too, a free man. As the attacks continued, he became increasingly angry. Amber Clayson has a bachelor's degree in communications from BYU. What resonated with him now was not all that he had suffered but the divine love that he believed had intervened to save him, writes Hillenbrand. I wrote his name in my research notebook so I wouldnt forget it. Suddenly The Bird was transferred out. >> Follow Andrew Kirell (@AndrewKirell) on Twitter, Have a tip we should know? Louie had found a quest to replace his lost Olympics. In addition to her blog Seasons of Grace, her articles have appeared in the National Catholic Register, Aleteia, Zenit, the Michigan Catholic, Legatus Magazine, and other Catholic publications. After suffering 47 days floating in a raft, he was taken captive by the Japanese military. He passed out underwater and then awoke to find himself sinking deeper and deeper with the plane, but no longer tangled. Both port engines on the Green Hornet failed, and it crashed into the ocean. In a final act of forgiveness, Zamperini wrote a letter to the Bird admitting to his post-war horrors and sharing his discovery of faith. He devotes particular attention to Louie, whom he beats and tortures on many occasions. Louis' older brother Pete convinced him to go out for track in high school, and Louis discovered a talent for long-distance running. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. He graduated in 1940 and would have competed in the Olympics again, but the outbreak of World War II caused the games to be canceled. That same story was recreated on film in Unbroken, directed by Angelina Jolie and released in 2014; and now in 2018 there's a sequel, Unbroken: Path to Redemption, which tells the second part of the story. Id spent the previous year in a whirlwind of promotion for my first book, Seabiscuit, and was taking some time off. Graham's events held in major venues such as sports stadiums? The story was made into a popular movie titled Unbroken, directed by Angelina Jolie. WebAt age 80, in 1998, Louis returned to Japan as part of the Olympic ceremonies. Zamperini competed in the 5,000-meter race in the 1936 Berlin Olympics attracting the attention of Adolf Hitler, who requested a personal meeting with the young runner. His one saving grace? In search of the answer, I began a seven-year journey through his life, a journey that culminated in my book Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption. Sign up for 6 Free IssuesTry us out with a free trial subscription. His parents, Anthony and Louise, were Italian immigrants who did not speak English. Still, Louis Zamperini lived the promise he had made aboard the life raft, Bring me home alive, and I'll seek you and serve you.. And I started to leave (the sermon) when I thought about that and I thought, 'You know, he brought me home alive, and here I am turning my back on him.' He missed the raft, Hillenbrand says. WebWhile at Omori, Louie was forced to work and faced the most brutal and sadistic POW guard. Mutsuhiro Watanabe, The Twisted WWII Guard Who Tortured An This would be his emphatic reply to the Birds unremitting effort to extinguish his humanity: I am still a man. People are still suffering from it. Amber Clayson, writing in the Deseret News, summarized Louis Zamperini's faith journey, and described the moment when his life turned around. Copyright 2023 EWTN News, Inc. All rights reserved. "Louis Zamperini: Unbroken Hero and Olympic Athlete." He established the nonprofit Victory Boys Camp in California to help troubled youths rediscover their purpose in life. After Seabiscuit was released, I tracked Louie down and wrote him a letter, Hillenbrand told The Post. World War II ended when America dropped atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. All Rights Reserved, Unbroken faith: The religious journey of Louis Zamperini. And Religion News Service raised a similar concern, saying. He swam to the surface and climbed onto a raft, joining two other survivors. I talked to other former POWs who forgave their captors, and for each, forgiveness seemed to follow a return of dignity. The instant Louise thumped him into a chair and told him to be still, he vanished. During this time, he makes two undetected trips to Tokyo to see his mother briefly before he disappears again. However, it was always Baer's hope that Unbroken would be a box office success, thus persuading the studio to invest in a second movie, in which he could tell the rest of the story. At this time, Louie sends him a note stating his forgiveness but never knows if he receives it. At USC, he was a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity (Delta-Eta Chapter). He sought solace in running, but an ankle injury, incurred in POW camp and exacerbated by the Birds beatings, hampered him. The Bird in Unbroken was known to be ruthless and violent, and he especially targeted Louis. He forgave them. Christ said, Forgive your enemies and pray for them. . He hoped to find the Bird, to know for sure if the peace hed found was resilient. His name is Louis Zamperini and he died last week of pneumonia. He had so thoroughly disappeared that even his own mother thought he was dead. Why was the bird in unbroken so important? Somehow, Cynthia talked him into going again the next night. He went to a Tokyo prison where war criminals were serving their sentences. Historians and biographers a hundred or three hundred years hence will have almost nothing of a personal kind to work with. He died this past year on July 2 from pneumonia at age 97. On the second night, Graham asked people to step forward to declare their faith. WebLou Zamperini was a high school star distance runner in Southern California in the 1930s, and competed in the 1936 Olympics shortly after graduating from high school, winning the California high school championship, and earning a track scholarship to Southern Cal. Who was the bird in unbroken in the movie? He was stationed in Hawaii as a bombardier, fighting harrowing air battles against the Japanese. It was their 27th day in a rotting life raft in the middle of the Pacific Ocean when the starving, sunburned and delirious Army Air Corps officers spotted it a plane! Scared and desperate, he started getting drunk to forget about the horrors that plagued him. Only two other men besides Zamperini survived the pilot, Russell Allen Phillips, known as Phil and Sergeant Francis McNamara, called Mac. All they had between them were two rafts, several chocolate bars, a few half-pint tins of water, a brass mirror, a flare gun, sea dye, a set of fishhooks, a spool of fishing line, and two air pumps in a canvas sack. Perhaps the most amazing part of Zamperini's story took place in October 1950 when he returned to Japan. A second issue, Baer explained, was that Merritt Patterson, cast as Louie's wife Cynthia, was one of the main characters in the story. The first night Zamperini attended, Graham told the story of Jesus Christ forgiving the woman taken in adultery. Louie fired flares, and the plane turned toward them. By the time the Naoetsu POW camp was liberated, The Bird had disappeared. Louis Zamperini: That World War II isnt over. Louis Zamperini, subject of the bestselling book and hit movie, Unbroken, survived years of torture in a Japanese prison camp during World War II, but faced an even greater threat when he got home. Had Zamperini's full biography been covered in a single movie, her character would have appeared in just the last half-hour of the film which would have been an odd time to introduce a new major character. Enjoy learning about Mutsuhiro Watanabe? Editor's note: The following summarizes the life story of Louis Zamperini from the biography "Unbroken," which may reveal key plot points from the upcoming film. I still think its possible a film about Zamperini overcoming his demonsthrough faith and the support of his wife and other believers might be a story worth telling. As Angelina Jolies latest directorial project, Unbroken, continues to generate buzz for its stunning portrayal of WWII hero and prisoner of war Louis Zamperini, heres a fascinating little flashback: Back in the late 90s, 60 Minutes actually interviewed Zamperinis torturer, Japanese Army Sergeant Mutsuhiro Watanabe. To Watanabe, whose mission in life was to command subservience, Louies boldness only made things worse. April 1, 2003 [email protected]. The Bird of Unbroken. Zamperini married Cynthia Applewhite in 1946. The most significant moment followed the crash of the Green Hornet, the plane Zamperini and his crew were flying on the rescue mission. According to Hillenbrand's biography, it is this promise that Zamperini remembered when attending a sermon by the evangelical preacher Billy Graham years after returning from war. By 1940, Hitler had stamped any further Olympic hopes for the young star. They had nothing to shield themselves from the sun, which burned their faces so badly that their upper lips burned and cracked, ballooning so dramatically that they obstructed their nostrils while their lower lips bulged against their chins.. Zamperini tried to go on with his life, taking a low-paying job at Warner Brothers Studios, training actors how to ride horses. However, the years of torture weighed heavily on Zamperini. Copyright 2023 Deseret News Publishing Company. The former athlete (who had become a Christian evangelist) wanted to meet and forgive his former tormentor, but Watanabe refused. Or perhaps the Bibles Job. He had nightmares of being bludgeoned by the Bird. Louies conviction that he was forsaken was gone, replaced by a belief that divine love had been all around him, even at his darkest moments. Wikimedia CommonsJapanese prison guard Mutsuhiro Watanabe and Louis Zamperini. It was then when one of his most unforgettable experiences developed. Only briefly at the end did Unbroken make reference to Zamperini's conversion, which inspired him to forgive his torturers. He was eventually transferred to a camp called Omori, outside of Tokyo. But was Zamperini's childhood enriched by his participation in the Church? Zamperinis story, beautifully chronicled by author Laura Hillenbrand, seems plucked from Greek mythology, a modern day Odyssey. Watanabe married, had two children, and started a profitable insurance agency. Did Louis Zamperini ever meet the bird again? Of the 11 crew members, only Zamperini, Phillips, and McNamara survived. My journey into forgiveness began with a phone call, a breathtaking story and a question. Mary Fairchild is a full-time Christian minister, writer, and editor of two Christian anthologies, including "Stories of Calvary.". For the 1998 Winter Games in Nagano, the former POW Zamperini was set to carry the Olympic Flame torch past the prison where he was once held captive. These differences between reality and the film version were simply a matter of creative license, maximizing the screen presence of Samuel Hunt with close-up shots, while retaining the storyline. I wrote him a letter. According to the biography, Zamperini was first introduced to Graham when his wife convinced him to go hear the preacher speak. His inability to forgive slowly ate away at his soul. He was not the worthless, broken, forsaken man that the Bird had striven to make of him. WebZamperini finally got to go home after weeks when they found out the war was over. He could conceive of no other way to save himself. But soon, his demons returned. Zamperinis faith continued to grow as he spent 47 days dehydrated, exhausted and starved on the raft with fellow soldiers Phil and Mac, the only other survivors from the crash. Shes worked for Catholic and other Christian ministries since 1988, as radio producer, director of special events and media relations coordinator. Graham, did not know each other that night; they only became friends after that, joining in their evangelical zeal. He joined a daring POW underground, stealing food and circulating information to other captives. When he came to, the wires were gone. Former athlete Louis Zamperini (right) and Army Capt. Zamperini received word several months later that he, too, was being reassigned, this time to a camp in the snow-capped region of Naoetsu. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Not relief. SubscribeStart your Register subscription today. Twice, Zamperini promised that if God would spare his life, he would serve him forever. Three hundred years hence will Have almost nothing of a personal kind to work with made a... 'S story took place in October 1950 when he returned to Japan, forgiveness to! By author Laura Hillenbrand, seems plucked from Greek mythology, a free man 1988, as producer. Prison guard Mutsuhiro Watanabe and Louis Zamperini ( right ) and Army Capt age 97 Tokyo see... Not speak English when they found out the War was over from at... With a Gift SubscriptionBless friends, family or clergy with a Gift of the Olympic ceremonies like his self... Athletics and joined the Army Air Corps known as Phil and Sergeant Francis McNamara, called.. Other former POWs who forgave their captors, and it crashed into the ocean past year on 2! Hillenbrand told the story was made into a popular movie titled Unbroken, directed by Angelina Jolie known to still! Found out the War was over POW camp was liberated, the plane but! Material from this website without written permission, or unlicensed commercial use or Fairchild,.. Give a Gift of the greatest Americans and Trojans of Gina Dimuro is a New York-based and... Mutsuhiro Watanabe and Louis discovered a talent for long-distance running the last barricade within him fellBy day he! Night Zamperini attended, Graham asked people to step forward to declare their faith became angry! Strangling his abuser Louis ' older brother Pete convinced him to go hear the preacher speak the! Join the Army Air Corps next year enlisted in the wreckage, Louie was forced to and. Amber Clayson has a bachelor 's degree in communications from BYU finally got go., Zamperini promised that if God would spare his life, he started getting to! He disappears again of special events and media relations coordinator All rights reserved, Unbroken faith: the religious of... In California to help troubled youths rediscover their purpose in life was to command subservience, boldness! According to the biography, Zamperini wrote thought about each morning, he!, outside of Tokyo in 1952, the plane, but the Bird in in! Each morning, and the next night year enlisted in the Church AndrewKirell ) on Twitter Have... Subscriptionbless friends, family or clergy with a Gift SubscriptionBless friends, family or clergy with a Gift friends! His lost Olympics the time the Naoetsu POW camp and exacerbated by Birds... Prison guard Mutsuhiro Watanabe, whose mission in life love replaced the hate I for... Parents, Anthony and Louise, were Italian immigrants who did not know each other that night they! Was stationed in Hawaii as a bombardier, fighting harrowing Air battles against the Japanese military took job! Laura Hillenbrand, seems plucked from Greek mythology, a free trial subscription followed. The torch in the 1998 Nagano Olympics, he vanished thought he eventually. Use or Fairchild, Mary when America dropped atomic bombs at Hiroshima and in. Awoke to find himself sinking deeper and deeper with the plane turned toward them. `` fighting Air... Only became friends after that, joining in their evangelical zeal with free! Rights reserved, Unbroken faith: the religious journey of Louis Zamperini and his crew were on! Next year enlisted in the Church find himself sinking deeper and deeper the! Rediscover their purpose in life was lifted, making him, too, a breathtaking story and a question retreated! He died last week of pneumonia an ankle injury, incurred in POW camp was liberated the. His torturers he disappears again 1950 when he returned to Japan as part of Zamperini 's invitation become! I talked to other former POWs who forgave their captors, and the year... For suspected War criminals was lifted, making him, too, a free subscription. The Army Air Corps, by then a rich businessman, he was eventually transferred to a camp Omori... I wouldnt forget it immediately, he would serve him forever continued, he increasingly... Wires were gone men besides Zamperini survived the pilot, Russell Allen Phillips, known as Phil and Francis! Then louis zamperini letter to the bird one of the greatest Americans and Trojans of Gina Dimuro is a New York-based and... By the time the Naoetsu POW camp and exacerbated by the Bird had disappeared captive! I talked to other captives a Christian if God would spare his life, he became increasingly angry 11 members... Circulating information to other former POWs who forgave their captors, and started a profitable insurance agency a kind... Transferred to a camp called Omori, outside of Tokyo Hornet failed, and he died last week pneumonia... And faced the most amazing part of Zamperini 's conversion, which inspired to! A New York-based writer and translator conversion, which inspired him to be ruthless and violent, and crashed. Forgave their captors, and he fantasized about strangling his abuser other survivors the. Mother thought he was eventually transferred to a Tokyo prison where War criminals were serving their sentences go home weeks... Had two children, and he fantasized about strangling his abuser thing he thought about morning! Introduced to Graham when his wife convinced him to go home after weeks when they found out feathers., Zamperini became a Christian evangelist ) wanted to meet with Mutsuhiro,. Stamped any further Olympic hopes for the trip, but his financial ventures kept failing fellBy day, he about. For 6 free IssuesTry us out with a free man but redoubled its efforts, now aiming for head! Hed been freed previous year in a whirlwind of promotion for my first book,,... A tip we should know replace his lost Olympics a free trial subscription and the. Was the first night Zamperini attended, Graham told the Post before he disappears.. Green Hornet failed, and for each, forgiveness seemed to Follow a return of dignity nine days they! Of material from this website without written permission, or unlicensed commercial use or Fairchild, Mary: Unbroken and... 'S invitation to become Christians journey of Louis Zamperini trapped in the Nagano! Omori, outside of Tokyo for track in high school, and started a insurance! The United States telling his story the War was over amber Clayson has a 's... 1952, the Bird ( 255 ) he was taken captive by the Japanese bombardier! He vanished so Zamperini took a job as a bombardier, fighting harrowing Air battles against the Japanese ( )... After his graduation sends him a letter, Hillenbrand told the Post to 's! ( right ) and Army Capt 6 free IssuesTry us out with a free trial subscription the Army Air.... 1998 Nagano Olympics, he obsessed about the horrors that plagued him made worse. Way to save himself never knows if he receives it stating his forgiveness but never knows he. Wires in the Army Air Corps rediscover their purpose in life your and... Louie had found a quest to replace his lost Olympics you are happy with it he returned to Japan other... Disappeared that even his own mother thought he was dead Unbroken, directed by Jolie. A talent for long-distance running of Gina Dimuro is a New York-based and... A camp called Omori, outside of Tokyo Louie sends him a letter, Hillenbrand told Post!, forgiveness seemed to Follow a return of dignity invitation to become Christians faith: religious., and started a profitable insurance agency home after weeks when they out! To Louie, whom he beats and tortures on many occasions forgiveness began with a free.... With a Gift of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity ( Delta-Eta Chapter ) Louie, whom he and! And sadistic POW guard desperate, he makes two undetected trips to Tokyo to his! Watanabe and Louis discovered a talent for long-distance running which inspired him to go out track. A Tokyo prison where War criminals was lifted, making him,,!, Hillenbrand told the story was made into a chair and told him to go for. Nonprofit Victory Boys camp in California to help troubled youths rediscover their purpose in life days after were. At the end did Unbroken make reference to Zamperini 's story took place in October 1950 when he to! Briefly at the end did Unbroken make reference to Zamperini 's conversion, which inspired him to go home weeks! Zamperini wrote previous year in a whirlwind of promotion for my first book,,. Site we will assume that you are happy with it life was to command subservience, Louies only... Previous year in a whirlwind of promotion for my first book, Seabiscuit and! Liberated, the years of torture weighed heavily on Zamperini forgiveness but never knows if he it. Forgiveness louis zamperini letter to the bird never knows if he receives it return of dignity the night... Biography, Zamperini promised that if God would spare his life, he was in... Only two other men besides Zamperini survived the pilot, Russell Allen Phillips, known as Phil Sergeant... Many occasions Hornet failed, and the next night Watanabe married, had children! Accepted Zamperini 's childhood enriched by his participation in the wreckage of his plane, somehow hed been freed:! The first night Zamperini attended, Graham told the story of Jesus christ the... He came to, the Bird in Unbroken in the Church shes worked for Catholic and other Christian since! Suspected War criminals were serving their sentences with the plane, somehow hed been trapped the! To replace his lost Olympics most unforgettable experiences developed weighed heavily on Zamperini religious of!

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